gene-editing

How base editors convert one base to another by chemistry rather than by cutting, how prime editors use a programmable template and reverse transcription to make arbitrary small edits, and the structural trade-offs between scope, efficiency, and off-target activity.

How CRISPR/Cas9 cuts a specific DNA sequence using a programmable guide RNA, the two cellular repair pathways that determine whether the edit is a disruption or a correction, the structural problem of off-target effects, and what delivery into human cells actually requires.