risk

The geographic and corporate concentration of the chip supply chain expressed as engineering risk — single points of failure, the cost of redundancy, hedging strategies, and the customer-side concentration that mirrors the supply side. Structural analysis, not prediction.

Responsible AI is a practice, not a slogan. This lesson covers the EU AI Act's four risk tiers and what each requires, model monitoring and drift detection, hallucination rates and human-in-the-loop design, guardrail KPIs, and how to run governance as a measured, auditable discipline rather than a compliance checkbox.