cmos

How pairing NMOS with PMOS creates digital gates that draw zero steady current. The CMOS inverter, NAND/NOR construction, the static-vs-dynamic power split that DVFS exploits, propagation delay and fan-out, and the scaling path from one inverter to a 25-billion-transistor SoC.

The two transistor families that built modern electronics. BJTs as current-controlled amplifiers, MOSFETs as voltage-controlled switches with a capacitor for a gate, the three operating regions of each, and the four reasons MOSFETs ended up running every digital chip.